Enslavement in the Shirley Household
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National Museum of African American History and Culture
Slave Voyages - Website tracking the data of slave ships across time
The 1754 Massachusetts Slave Census
The Royall House and Slave Quarters
Project Bibliography - Primary Sources
Bourne, George. Picture of Slavery in the United States of America. 1838.
“Boston News-Letter Feb. 17, 1732.”
Bristol Records Society. Bristol, Africa, and the Eighteenth Century Slave Trade to America. Edited by David Richardson. Bristol, 1991. http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications/brs42.pdf.
Defoe, Daniel. “An Essay on the South Sea Trade.” London, 1711.
Erving, John. John Erving Journal, 1733-1745 (inclusive). Scanned journal. From Baker Library at Harvard Business School, Mss:733 1733-1745 E73. https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.GEN:37905160-2018. Accessed October 16, 2021.
Kuhn, Justus. “Portrait of Henry Darnell, III.” Oil on canvas c. 1710-1712. National Portrait Gallery. In “Mining the Museum” by Fred Wilson and Howard Halle. Grand Street no. 44:1993, p. 156. https://doi.org/10.2307/25007622.
Leonard, Ann. Petition to the Governor and Council by Ann Leonard asking to be divorced from her husband, Henry, on the grounds that he physically abused her, prevented her from public worship, kept company with other women, and attempted to sell her into slavery. Petition. The Massachusetts Archives, C EX RECS 11: 83-84, October 28, 1743. https://www.sec.state.ma.us/ArchivesSearch/RevolutionaryDetail.aspx?rec=vyV9oh%2fn5JrBLd%2fm%2bQeNdsljegrKI8YJzru5a2x38o8%3d
Lowe, Jaquavunta. "Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Burl bowl." Smithsonian Learning Lab. September 14, 2017. Accessed October 13, 2021.
Massachusetts General Court. “Province of the Massachusetts-Bay. In the House of Representatives, Nov. 19, 1754: Upon consideration of his excellency’s message of this day, ordered, that the assessors...forthwith send into the secretary’s office the exact number of the Negro-slaves, both males and females...” Microfiche. New York: Readex Microprint, 1985. From Massachusetts Historical Society, 40700 Evans fiche, 1754 Nov 19. http://balthazaar.masshist.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=1&ti=1,1&SEQ=20211028195117&Search%5FArg=Upon%20consideration%20of%20his%20excellency%E2%80%99s%20message&Search%5FCode=FT%2A&CNT=10&PID=3e0EZV3R2_UK-8IGLFl5fmcbdBQN&SID=1
“Masters' logs, including: Mermaid (1754 Jan 28 - 1757 June 17). Mermaid (1757 July 5 - 1758 May 26).” Ship’s Logs. From the National Archives, ADM 52/946 1754-1758. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C2532568. Accessed October 2, 2021.
Newton, James, William Pierrie, and Joseph F. W. Des Barres. "A view of Boston taken on the road to Dorchester." Map. 1776. Norman B. Leventhal Map & Education Center, https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:7h149z76m. Accessed October 11, 2021.
Petition submitted to the Gov. and council by the Selectmen of Malden Requesting Reimbursement for expenses in the care and burial of Hugh Freeman of New York who died in Malden. Petition. The Massachusetts Archives. 303: 079, 1756. https://www.sec.state.ma.us/ArchivesSearch/RevolutionaryDetail.aspx?rec=1dAz61zHYwCRgkrLzK727LKyodbtNIu6vXPuuRTeCU4%3d
Shirley, William. “William Shirley papers, 1731-1762.” Massachusetts Historical Society. Ms. N-180. http://balthazaar.masshist.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=11&ti=11,11&Search%5FArg=william%20shirley&Search%5FCode=FT%2A&CNT=10&PID=sINu5eeINKImDq2dPfXDnuU5Rr5X&SEQ=20211027220335&SID=1
Shirley, William. Folio 45: Shirley to Bedford, explaining his substitution in his memorial on St. Lucia of a paragraph concerning the Indians, whose rights he discusses. Letter. The National Archives. SP 78/239/6, Jan 23/Feb 3, 1751. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7341230
Shirley, William. Edited by Charles Henry Lincoln. The Correspondence of William Shirley: Governor of Massachusetts and Military Commander in America. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1912. Web. Accessed through Hathi Trust. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000361728.
Project Bibliography - Secondary Sources
Allibhai, Aabid. “Working Report on Slavery at the Shirley-Eustis House.” The Shirley-Eustis House Association. May 2021.
Araujo, Ana Lucia. Slavery in the Age of Memory: Engaging the Past. Bloomsbury Academic: New York, 2020.
Baptist, Edward. The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. New York: Basic Books, 2014.
Berlin, Ira. “American Slavery in History and Memory and the Search for Social Justice.” The Journal of American History 90, no. 4 (March 2004): 1251-1268. https://doi.org/10.2307/3660347.
Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2000.
Bly, Antonio. “Pretty, Sassy, Cool: Slave Resistance, Agency, and Culture in Eighteenth-Century New England.” The New England Quarterly 89, no. 3 (2016): 457-492.
Clark-Pujara, Christy. Dark Work: The Business of Slavery in Rhode Island. NYU Press: New York, 2016.
“Dealing with Difficult History.” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/contested-history/
Donnan, Elizabeth. Documents Illustrative of the Slave Trade to America, 4 vols. Washington, 1935.
Dunn, Richard. Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press, 1972.
Epstein, Terrie, and Carla L Peck, eds. Teaching and Learning Difficult Histories in International Contexts : A Critical Sociocultural Approach. Routledge Research in International and Comparative Education. WorldCat. New York: Routledge, 2018. https://umassboston.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1015886425.
Falk, John and Lynn Deerking. The Museum Experience Revisited. Left Coast Press: Walnut Creek, CA, 2013.
Hardesty, Jared Ross. Black Lives, Native Lands, White Worlds: A History of Slavery in New England. Brightleaf: Boston, 2019.
Hardesty, Jared Ross. Unfreedom: Slavery and Dependence in Eighteenth Century Boston. NYU Press: New York, 2016.
Hardesty, Jared Ross. “’The Negro at the Gate’: Enslaved Labor in Eighteenth-Century Boston.” The New England Quarterly 87, no. 1 (March 2014): 72-98.
Horton, James Oliver and Lois Horton, editors. Slavery and Public History: The Tough Stuff of American Memory. New York: New Press, 2006.
McCahon Whiting, Gloria. “Race, Slavery, and the Problem of Numbers in Early New England: A View from Probate Court.” The William and Mary Quarterly 77, no. 3 (2020): 405-440. https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.77.3.0405.
McGreevy, Nora. “The Top Ten Online Exhibitions of 2020.” Smithsonian Magazine. December 31, 2020. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/top-ten-online-exhibitions-2020-180976655/.
Melish, Joanne Pope. Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and “Race” in New England, 1780-1860. Cornell Press: Ithaca, NY, 1998.
Miele, Peter. “Grappling With Difficult History.” The Seminary Ridge Museum and Education Center. https://www.seminaryridgeeducation.org/news/difficult-history.
Mimbs Nyce, Caroline. “How Many Museums Are Devoted to American Slavery?” The Atlantic. January 27, 2016. https://www.theatlantic.com/notes/2016/01/is-the-whitney-plantation-really-americas-first-slavery-museum/431448/.
Morgan, Edmund. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. W.W. Norton: New York, 2003.
Morgan, Jennifer. Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.
Morgan, Jennifer. Reckoning With Slavery: Gender, Kinship, and Capitalism in the Early Black Atlantic. Durham: Duke University Press, 2021.
Morgan, Kenneth. Slavery and Servitude in Colonial North America: A Short History. NYU Press: New York, 2001.
Morgan, Philip. “Rethinking Early American Slavery.” In Inequality in Early America, edited by Carla Gardina Pestana and Sharon Salinger, 239-266. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1999.
Morrissey, Marietta. Slave Women in the New World: Gender Stratification in the Caribbean. Lawrence: Kansas University Press, 1989.
Nagl, Dominik. “The Governmentality of Slavery in Colonial Boston, 1690-1760.” American Studies 58, no. 1 (2013): 5-26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43485857.
Newell, Margaret Ellen. Brethren By Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery. Cornell University Press: Cornell, NY, 2015.
Peterson, Mark. The City-State of Boston: The Rise and Fall of an Atlantic Power, 1630-1865. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 2019.
Rose, Julia. Interpreting Difficult History at Museums and Historic Sites. London: Roman and Littlefield, 2016.
Schutz, John. William Shirley: King’s Governor of Massachusetts. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1961.
Thomas, Hugh. The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440-1870. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997.
Warren, Wendy. New England Bound: Slavery and Colonization in Early America. Liveright: New York, 2017.
West, Andrew. “Pluralism and Society: Interpreting Whose History?” Journal of Museum Ethnography, no. 3 (October 1991): 119-131. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40793509.
Wilson, Fred and Howard Halle. “Mining the Museum.” Grand Street, no. 44 (1993): 151-172. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25007622